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=**__Chapter 10: Inequalities of Gender and Age__**=

__Introduction:__
Throughout history men have dominated society and have always held power over women. Men have always been viewed has to be the leader of the family while women have been casted as the home makers and children bearers. women have been seen as dependent, passive, and differential, while men have been seen as independent and strong. This division of labor based on sex has almost always led to gender inequality. Gender, race, and ethinicity are not the only factors that affect a persons place in society. Inequality based on age also exists. Age can be discriminated against (ageism) in many different ways, such as; income, housing, and jobs. In this we examine the roles played by both gender and age in the stratification system.

__Description:__
Being classified by sex and age makes significant differences in people's lives. The term gender stratification refers to the unequal access to power, pretige, and property on the basis of sex. Each society establishes a structure that on the basis of sex and gender, opens and closes doors to its privledges. Prejudice, and discrimination are also directed at people because of their age. And because age and sex are master statuses, that affect all aspects of social life. []

Learning Objectives: (back ground information)
 * Helps distinguish the concepts of sex, gender, and gender identity
 * Sex-biological distinction between male and female
 * Gender- the characteristics that distinguish between males and females
 * Gender identity- an awareness of being masculine or feminine, based on culture
 * Gives perspectives on gender from the functionalist, conflict theorists’, and symbolic interactionists’ views of sexism.
 * Functionalist-traditional division of labor has created problems (ex: males as hunters women as housekeepers)
 * Conflict- Men prevent women from gaining political, economic, and social power
 * Symbolic- Boys and girls learn the way they are “supposed to act”
 * Describes status of women in the united states
 * Imbalance of power where women are still subjected to prejudice and discrimination in areas of economics, law, and politics.
 * Gives perspectives on gender from the functionalist, conflict theorists’, and symbolic interactionists’ views of ageism.
 * Functionalist- treated according to the role the aged play in that society. (ex: some treated with great respect and honor)
 * Conflict- competition over scarce resources
 * Symbolic- negative stereotypes against group
 * Lists inequalities of America’s elderly
 * Spend more on health care and housing than younger people
 * Stereotypes
 * Considered minority group

**Problems and Conflicts**
There are many conflicts that arise from things such as gender and age. Women, as much as we've progressed, are still considered one of the minority groups. Progression is slowly beginning to expand, but examination reveals that there are still many gaps in social rights, privileges, and rewards for women in the United States. Although women are participating in labor force at increasing levels, they are concentrated in lower-status occupations which is known as occupational sex segregation, and in recent studies in 2004, women who worked full time earned only 80 cents for every dollar earned by men. Therefore, although things may seem to be equal, they are still slightly in the favor of men. But, just being a woman is not the only thing that affects your income. Race also plays a big role in the division of income. As mentioned before, women make about 80 percent of what men make, however, white women earn about 82 percent, where as african american women only earn about 71 percent of the earnings for men. These same discriminatory acts are displayed based off of age. Ageism is the set of beliefs, attitudes, norms, and values used to justify age-based prejudice and discrimination. It is the same thing as sexism, just based off of a persons age rather than their gender. The elderly are also considered one of the minority groups, and although most of the elderly are assumed to have more money after retirement, they are stereotyped and believed to need less money to live even though they spend most of their money on health care. The truth is that the elderly probably have more expenses than the average middle agd man because of all of their health expenses and are one of the highest rated poverty groups in the nation. Race is also a factor that should be considered much like it is a factor in women. It is a fact that white older americans are better off than ethnic or african american elderly because of the racism that still occurs in the economy today.

Sexism and Ageism are still problems in society today, and the conflicts and problems that arise from them are easily seen and are things that need to be fixed. We are slowly progressing as an economy, but that doesn't mean that discrimination and prejudice don't exist.

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**Cons**
-Woman recieve only 80 percent of what a man makes (white women 82% african american 71%) Women are generally considered inferior to men -Women tend to be generalized as illiterate compared to men because men are considered to be more intelligent -Women tend to be generalized as weak compared to men -The elderly tend to make a lower salary compared to someone who is younger and healtier -The elderly tend to be considered useless compared to someone who is younger and can still maintain their strength

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News Article [] Summary:ESPN's, Ron Franklin, who was 68 years old was accused of making sexist remarks to a fellow female co-worker. When she explained that those kind of remarks were not acceptable, he apparently began to swear at her repeately and cause a scene. This sexist inncodent caused him removal from annoucing one of the biggest college football games of the year.